THE PIA AND SECURITY IN THE NIGER DELTA: AN EXAMINATION OF THE ACT'S PROVISIONS AND THEIR IMPACT ON REGIONAL STABILITY AND INCLUSIVENESS.

Abstract

The Niger Delta region of Nigeria has historically experienced insecurity, environmental degradation, and socio-economic marginalization, despite being the nation’s primary source of oil revenue. In response, the Nigerian government enacted the Petroleum Industry Act (PIA) in 2021, introducing provisions aimed at enhancing security, promoting regional stability, and fostering inclusiveness in host communities. This study examined the PIA’s provisions and assessed their impact on security, stability, and inclusiveness in the Niger Delta. A descriptive survey research design was adopted, and data were collected from 300 respondents, including residents, community leaders, and members of local development committees, using a structured questionnaire. Responses were measured on a 4-point Likert scale and analyzed using descriptive statistics, including frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations. Findings revealed that respondents moderately agreed that the PIA contained security measures, contributed to regional stability, and promoted inclusiveness, although implementation gaps limited the Act’s effectiveness. Challenges such as lack of transparency, exclusion of marginalized groups, and inadequate monitoring were identified as barriers to achieving the objectives of the Act. The study concluded that while the PIA represents a significant legislative intervention, its full potential remains unrealized due to structural and operational weaknesses. The study recommended strengthened enforcement mechanisms, improved transparency, active inclusion of marginalized groups, and enhanced collaboration among government agencies, oil companies, and host communities to ensure the Act’s objectives are effectively achieved.