GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS SPECTROMETRY ANALYSIS OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS ON AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF AZANZA GARCKEANA FRUIT PULP

Abstract

The research was conducted to determine the secondary metabolites presence in Aqueous extract of Azanza garckeana fruit pulp using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The fruit pulp was purchased from Tula Village of Kaltungo Local Government Area of Gombe State Nigeria. The pulp was shade dried at room temperature and ground into fine powder using pistle and mortar. The pulp was subjected extraction using rotary evaporator to obtained the aqueous form. The results revealed the presence of   thirty-two bioactive compounds with retention time ranges from 7.30 to 3to 31.002 minutes with area  and abundance values ranges from 0.13 in 2-ethylacridine number thirty-two to 16.82 Di-sec-butyl phthalate in compound number eighteen with megawatts (MW) ranges from 101.17 to 474.50, displaying classes of fatty acids and their esters (e.g., Palmitic acid, Methyl Oleate, Linoleic acid ethyl ester), which is a common profile for natural oils or biological extracts. A significant peak at 12.47 min is identified as Di-sec-butyl phthalate, a common plasticizer. The presence of Lactose (a sugar) is indicated at 11 min, though its volatility under these conditions is unusual and may warrant verification. A notable finding is a hit for "MDMA methylene homolog" at ~30.92 min. In conclusion, the GC-MS phytochemical profile of Azanza garckeana fruit pulp extract provides a strong scientific rationale for its traditional use. The high concentration of membrane-forming fatty acids, potential energy substrates, and antioxidant compounds aligns mechanistically with the biochemical requirements for enhancing semen quality. The proposed benefits are multifaceted, targeting improved sperm membrane architecture, hormonal support for spermatogenesis, enhanced energy availability for motility, and protection from oxidative insult.