IMPACT OF SEASONAL VARIATION ON CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF GROUNDWATER IN ONNE LGA

Abstract

Groundwater quality in the Niger Delta is increasingly threatened by both natural seasonal cycles and anthropogenic pressures. This study evaluates the impact of seasonal variation on the chemical parameters of groundwater in Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni Local Government Area (ONELGA), Rivers State, Nigeria—a region characterized by intensive hydrocarbon exploration and agricultural activity. Groundwater samples from boreholes were analyzed during wet and dry seasons for chemical parameters. Results indicate significant seasonal fluctuations, with elevated values of Cl, CO₃  DO₂, NO₂, NH during the wet season, except phosphate  with high values in BH1/ BH2 (7.01/ 10.7mg\l) and Ca in BH15(4.2mg/l) during dry season. while contamination remains a year-round concern from oil industry and other anthropogenic activities, the overall Concentration of chemical parameters during the wet season indicates that groundwater in the study area is unsuitable for drinking without treatment. This paper recommends seasonal water quality monitoring and improved waste management strategies to safeguard public health.